5. Introduction to classes.





Hello folks!

       Welcome to the blog series. In the previous blog we have studied the different types of variables that we are going to use in our object oriented programming (OOP) project.
       Now in this blog we will discuss about Class and different topics related to it. 
       A class in C++ is a user-defined type or data structure declared with keyword class that has data and functions (also called member variables and member functions) as its members whose access is governed by the three access specifiers private, protected or public. By default access to members of a C++ class is private. The private members are not accessible outside the class; they can be accessed only through methods of the class. The public members form an interface to the class and are accessible outside the class. -Wikipedia.
       Instances of a class data type are known as objects and can contain member variables, constants, member functions, and overloaded operators defined by the programmer. -Wikipedia.
Classes are defined using either keyword class or keyword struct, with the following syntax:

class class_name {
  access_specifier_1:
    member1;
  access_specifier_2:
    member2;
  ...
} object_names;

       The syntax for defining a class is similar to that of defining a structure in C.
       Here the class_name is the identifier for the class (basically the name of our class), object_names is the list of names for objects of this class (optional). The body of the declaration can contain members, which can either be data or function declarations, and optionally access specifiers.
       The access specifier can be one of the following three keywords: privatepublic or protected. (As discussed in earlier blog).
       Any member that is declared before any other access specifier or without any access specifier has private access automatically.
Let us see an example of it.


The output of above code is 

       Classes allows both Data and functions as members of the object. Thus using principles of object oriented programming.

More topics related to class are:
1. Abstraction and Encapsulation.
2. Classes defined with structure and union
3. Constructors.
4. Overloading Constructors.
5. Destructors.
6. Const Objects
7. Friend functions.
8. Function overloading.
9. Function overriding.
10.Operator overloading.
       Right now we won’t go in depth of these topics, we will surely explain these concepts if further required. So in this blog we learned how to initialize a class and little bit of its concepts and Object oriented paradigms and in next blog we will see different types of memory allocation

By-
Ashutosh Bardapurkar    (k-05)
Hrishikesh Deshpande    (k-16)
Archit Hiwrekar        (k-23)
Chinmay Kapkar    (k-33)



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